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The Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Assistance for the Least Developed Countries (commonly abbreviated as EIF) is an International Framework Program with the objective of supporting least developed countries (LDCs) to better integrate into the global trading system and to make trade a driver for development.〔Ministry of Commerce and Industry of the Republic of Zambia, http://www.mcti.gov.zm/index.php/projects/76-the-enhanced-integrated-framework-eif〕 The multi-donor program was launched on 1 January 2007 as the successor of the Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to the Least-Developed Countries (commonly abbreviated as IF), which existed from October 1997 to December 2006.〔http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/devel_e/framework.htm World Trade Organization〕 The EIF is a global partnership between different stakeholders in International Development Assistance including several UN programs and agencies, regional inter-governmental organizations and other donors. The program is supported by a multi-donor trust fund with paid-up capital of USD $165 million (as of 30 April 2012)〔http://www.enhancedif.org/documents/EIF%20toolbox/EIF%20Trust%20Fund%20Current%20Status.pdf〕 for development interventions in 49 Least Developed Countries (LDCs). The EIF is being promoted by the World Trade Organization (WTO) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as the preferred way to provide official development assistance to LDC's as part of the global Aid for Trade Initiative.〔Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2011, "Aid for Trade and LDCs: Starting to Show Results", Paris. Available at www.oecd.org/aidfortrade/49015161.pdf〕 ==History== The idea of the predecessor program, the IF, was first discussed at the First Ministerial Conference of the WTO in Singapore in December 1996.〔Stephen Browne and Sam Laird, 2011, "The International Trade Centre: Export Impact for Good, Routledge", page 26〕 It was subsequently launched in October 1997 at the WTO's High Level Meeting on Integrated Initiatives for Least-Developed Countries' Trade Development, which held at the WTO. It was meant as a mechanism to increase effectiveness and efficiency of trade-related technical assistance to LDCs by improving coordination between donors, beneficiary countries and providers of technical assistance. The calls for an overarching program arose from the feeling that the uncoordinated actions of these parties lead to duplication of efforts, overallocation of resources to certain technical and geographical areas, and an untapped potential for joint initiatives and information exchange. By some, the IF is regarded as a failed program because the responsiveness of the involved parties (LDCs, development agencies, and donors) was much smaller than had been expected.〔Apart from the article by Susan Prowse, see, for example, United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), 2007, "A Practical Contribution to Aid for Trade", Vienna, or Gideon Rabinowitz, 2008, "Trade, Poverty Reduction and the Integrated Framework: Are we asking the right people the right questions?", CUTS CITEE Working Paper 02/2008, and United Nations Office of the High Representative of the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States, 2008, "LDC Briefing Book", Chapter 12, New York〕 Susan Prowse from the UK's Overseas Development Institute, for example, points out that LDCs and donors had different perceptions and expectations about the purpose of the IF: While LDCs expected it to be mainly a vehicle to mobilize more financial resources for development interventions, donors sought to create a mechanism to improve co-ordination. Prowse, as others, also mentions that the main flaw of the IF lay in its design, meaning, that the assistance that was channeled through the IF was not aligned to a country's overall development strategy.〔Susan Prowse, 2010, "Aid for Trade: Supporting Trade: Preference Reform", Centre for Global Development Working Paper 224. Available at: http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424468/〕 As a consequence of the limited impact that the IF had achieved during the initial program period, the Development Committee of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank agreed at its meeting in 2005 to restructure the program and endow it with additional resources. A Task Force for the Enhanced Integrated Framework was subsequently created by the Steering Committee of the IF, which, on 29 June 2006 published its recommendations〔ODI Conference on 24 May 2007, "Aid for trade: One year on. How much, for whom and the institutional challenges?", Supporting material. Available at http://www.odi.org.uk/events/details.asp?id=197&title=aid-trade-one-year-much-whom-institutional-challenges〕 for changing the existing strategy and implementation modalities. The revamped programme, now officially called Enhanced Integrated Framework, was launched on 1 January 2007〔Stephen Browne and Sam Laird, 2011, "The International Trade Centre: Export Impact for Good", Routledge, page 27〕 and began to be fully operational in 2010.〔Bernard Hoekman, 2011, "Aid for Trade: Why, what, and where are we?", in: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ed.), 2011, "Trade beyond Doha: Prospects for Asia-Pacific Least Developed Countries", Studies in Trade and Investment 76, Bangkok, page 98〕 Other similar programs include the World Bank's Trade Facilitation Facility and Standards and Trade Development Facility. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Enhanced integrated framework」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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